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4th exercise: Eurobarometer

Eurobarometer (EB) is a series of public opinion surveys conducted regularly in the EU Member States on behalf of the European Commission.

The Standard Eurobarometer is a cross-national longitudinal study and is carried out semi-annually: each spring and autumn. For each wave of the survey about 1,000 citizens per state are interviewed in personal interviews.

Contentwise the EB focuses on the social situation of the EU citizens as well as their opinions and attitudes on various topics relevant for the European Union, e.g. support for the EU, knowledge about the EU, opinion on the EU enlargement etc.

Exercise:

On the right column you see a table with the variables national identity. The per cent values for different levels of national identification are presented there.
The respondents were individuals from the Eurozone (2006: 12 states; 2009: 16 states).
Please have a close look at the table, specially the word phrasing of the questions and the specific levels of national identification reported by the individuals.
Read the statements below and choose the ones that you believe are true. Multiple answers are possible.

The following statements are correct, based on the table 'National Identity':

1. The level of expressed national identification has hardly changed between 2006 and 2009.

2. The differences in the expressed national identity between 2006 and 2009 can be explained solely by the financial crisis.

3. The huge difference in reported level of national identity can be a result of different wording of the question in 2006 and 2009.

4. The increase in national identification always means a decrease in European identity.

5. The changes in the expressed national identity in the Eurozone allow no conclusions on the changes in the specific Eurozone countries.

Feedback to the specific statements:

The statement is false. In fact, some of the values of the expressed national identity has barely changed. However, there ist a vast difference in the reported values of the 'very strong' and 'strong' level of national identity between 2006 and 2009.
The statement is false. It cannot be ruled out that some other factors have not changes between 2006 and 2009 (e.g. the enlargement of the Eurozone between these years).
The statement is true.
The statement is false. People can identify with numerous objects. In fact, a multiple identity is a rule rather than an exception; therefore an increase in the felt national identity does not necessarily lead to a decrease in the level of the European identity.
The statement is true.

You will receive feedback to each answer when you click on the icon .

National Identity	2006	2009
N	12111	15230
1: "very strong""	55,6	79,7
2: "strong"	35,5	15,1
3: "weak"	7,0	3,3
4: "not at all"	1,5	1,5
"don't know"	0,4	0,5
Total	100 %	100 %

Wording of the questions for the different dates:

Eurobarometer 65. 2 (2006):

"People may feel different degrees of attachment to their town or village, to their region, to their country or to Europe. Please tell me how attached you feel to... [YOUR COUNTRY] : 1: very attached, 2: fairly attached, 3: not very attached, 4: not at all attached, 5: don't know."

Eurobarometer 71.3 (2009):

"I would like you to think about the idea of geographical identity. Different people think of this in different ways. People might think of themselves as being European, [NATIONALITY] or from a specific region to different extents. Some people say that with globalisation, people are becoming closer to each other as ‘citizens of the world’. Thinking about this, to what extent do you personally feel you are [NATIONALITY] : 1: to a great extent, 2: somewhat, 3: not really, 4: not at all, 5: don't know."